If your cat is urinating outside the litter tray, or passing small amounts of urine frequently, it might be a sign of a condition known as Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC). Other symptoms to watch for include crying, straining, or passing bloody urine.

FIC is the most common type of cystitis in cats. Though the exact cause is unknown, it is strongly linked to stress. Cats that are more susceptible to FIC tend to be male, unneutered, overweight, and indoor cats, especially those that live with other cats. Sometimes, there may not be any obvious stressful event, but in other cases, something as seemingly minor as moving the furniture can trigger an episode.

When diagnosing FIC, your vet will likely rule out other potential causes, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) or blockages like stones or crystals. This is typically done by analysing a urine sample or conducting imaging. It is important to note that blockages are a medical emergency – if your cat is straining to urinate and not producing any urine, contact your vet immediately.

Once your cat develops FIC, they may be prone to future flare-ups, which requires ongoing care. Treatment options typically include pain relief (such as anti-inflammatory medications), special prescription diets or bladder supplements. Other recommendations may include maintaining a healthy weight by increasing your cat’s activity level, ensuring they drink enough water (through multiple water bowls or fountains), and providing a calm environment.

How can you help your cat feel more relaxed?
One of the best ways to support your cat’s wellbeing is to minimise stress. Sticking to a consistent schedule can be very helpful. During the winter months, when your cat may spend more time indoors, try to provide extra stimulation, such as additional playtime. Make sure your cat has access to plenty of resources, like several litter trays, water stations, and quiet spots where they can rest undisturbed. Some cats also benefit from calming pheromone diffusers or supplements, which can help reduce stress and create a more soothing environment.